A. B. Anderson and P. May, A palmeira de muitas vidas, Ciencia Hoje, vol.4, pp.58-64, 1985.

A. B. Anderson, P. H. May, and M. Balick, The subsidy from Nature: Palm forests, peasantry, and development on an Amazon frontier, 1991.

A. Anderson, The biology of Orbignya matiana (Palmae): A tropical dry forest dominant in Brazil. Dissertation, 1983.

M. Aouragh, B. Lacaze, M. Hotyat, R. Ragala, and A. Aboudi, Cartographie et suivi de la densité des arbres de l'arganeraie (sud-ouest du Maroc) à partir d'images de télédétection à haure résolution spatiale, pp.3-9, 2013.

R. F. Araújo and M. Lopes, Diversity of use and local knowledge of palms (Arecaceae) in eastern Amazonia, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol.16, issue.2, pp.487-501, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s10531-007-9218-y

J. P. Ardila, W. Bijker, A. Tolpekin, and A. Stein, Context-sensitive extraction of tree crown objects in urban areas using VHR satellite images, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol.15, pp.57-69, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jag.2011.06.005

J. P. Ardila, W. Bijker, V. Tolpekin, and A. Stein, Multitemporal change detection of urban trees using localized region-based active contours in VHR images, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.124, pp.413-426, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.027

S. Barot, D. Mitja, I. Miranda, G. Meija, and M. Grimaldi, Reproductive plasticity in an Amazonian palm, Evol Ecol Res, vol.7, pp.1051-1065, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00451776

M. N. Barros, Mudanças florísticas e estruturais durante o processo de degradação das florestas ripárias no sudeste do Estado de Pará, Brasil, 2007.

A. Chemura, I. Van-duren, V. Leeuwen, and L. , Determination of the age of oil palm from crown projection area detected from WorldView-2 multispectral remote sensing data: The case of Ejisu-Juaben district, Ghana, High-Resolution Earth Imaging for Geospatial Information, pp.118-127, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.07.013

R. Coelho and F. R. De, Padrões e processos agroecológicos no assentamento Benfica, 2008.
DOI : 10.5902/198050988435

URL : https://doi.org/10.5902/198050988435

D. Culvenor, TIDA: an algorithm for the delineation of tree crowns in high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery, Computers & Geosciences, vol.28, issue.1, pp.33-44, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0098-3004(00)00110-2

D. Silva and A. , Efeitos alelopáticos causados pelo capim brachiarão (Brachiaria brizantha) no desenvolvimento inicial da palmeira de babaçu (Orbignya Spp.), Revista Verde, vol.3, pp.1-7, 2008.

M. Faminow, Spatial economics of local demand for cattle products in Amazon development, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.62, issue.1, pp.1-11, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01116-4

P. Fearnside, Land-tenure issues as factors in environmental destruction in Brasilian Amazonia : the case of southern Pará, World, vol.29, pp.1361-1372, 2001.

. Flora, Arecaceae. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 2016.

S. Fujisaka, E. Escobar, and E. Veneklaas, Weedy fields and forests: interactions between land use and the composition of plant communities in the Peruvian Amazon, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.78, issue.2, pp.175-186, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00122-X

S. Fujisaka, G. Escobar, and E. Veneklaas, Plant community diversity relative to human land uses in an Amazon forest colony, Biodivers, vol.7, pp.41-57, 1998.

A. Henderson, The palms of the Amazon, 1995.

A. Henderson, G. Galeano, and R. Bernal, Field guide to the Palms of the Americas Princeton University Press Princeton ISSS-Working-Group (1998) World reference base for soil resources: introduction, ISSS/ISRIC, 1995.

L. Jing, B. Hu, T. Noland, and J. Li, An individual tree crown delineation method based on multi-scale segmentation of imagery, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol.70, pp.88-98, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.04.003

F. Kahn, D. Granville, and J. , Palms in forest ecosystems of Amazonia, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-76852-1

F. Kahn and B. Millán, Astrocaryum (Palmae) in Amazonia. A preliminary treatment, Bulletin del'Inst Français des Etudes Andines, vol.21, pp.459-531, 1992.

Y. Ke and L. Quackenbush, A review of methods for automatic individual tree-crown detection and delineation from passive remote sensing, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.70, issue.17, pp.4725-4747, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00101-2

B. Koch, J. Svoboda, P. Adler, and M. Dees, Automatic tree species detection based on digitised CIR aerial photos, 2002.

P. Leadley, H. A. Pereira, J. Fernandez-manjares, V. Proenca, J. Scharlemann et al., Biodiversity scenarios: projections of the 21 st centyry change in biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, 2010.

H. Lorenzi, L. Noblick, F. Kahn, and E. Ferreira, Flora Brasileira Lorenzi, Arecaceae (Palmeiras) Instituto Plantarum, 2010.

J. Mathieu, J. Rossi, M. Grimaldi, P. Mora, P. Lavelle et al., A multi-scale study of soil macrofauna biodiversity in Amazonian pastures, Biology and Fertility of Soils, vol.37, issue.5, pp.300-305, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-10306-7

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00451009

D. Mitja and I. Ferraz, Establishment of babassu in pastures in Pará, Brazil. Palms, vol.45, pp.138-147, 2001.

D. Mitja and I. Miranda, Weed community dynamics in two pastures grown after clearing Brazilian Amazonian rainforest, Weed Research, vol.12, issue.2, pp.163-173, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00767.x

D. Mitja, L. Filho, N. Topall, and O. , Impact of fodder crops: Panicum maximum and Brachiaria brizantha on weeds in certain pastures in the parish of Jacundá (Marabá region, III International Weed Science Congress, 2000.

D. Mitja, I. Miranda, E. Velasquez, and P. Lavelle, Plant species richness and floristic composition change along a rice-pasture sequence in subsistence farms of Brazilian Amazon, influence on the fallows biodiversity (Benfica, State of Par??), Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.124, issue.1-2, pp.72-84, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2007.07.007

R. Montúfar, F. Anthelme, J. Pintaud, and H. Balslev, Disturbance and Resilience in Tropical American Palm Populations and Communities, The Botanical Review, vol.17, issue.11, pp.426-461, 2011.
DOI : 10.1890/1051-0761(2007)017[0118:TSBPAR]2.0.CO;2

B. Mougel and C. Lelong, Classification and information extraction in very high resolution satellite images for tree crops monitoring, 28th EARSel Symposium Remote Sensing for a Changing Europe, 2008.

B. Mougel, C. Lelong, and J. Nicolas, Comparison of three segmentation methods for groves recognition in very high resolution satellite images, Proceedings of the "PSIP 2007 Conference -Physics in signal and image processing, 2007.

C. Peters, M. Balick, F. Kahn, and A. Anderson, Oligarchic Forests of Economic Plants in Amazonia: Utilization and Conservation of an Important Tropical Resource, Conservation Biology, vol.3, issue.4, pp.341-349, 1989.
DOI : 10.1590/1809-43921987171174

J. Pintaud, An overview of the taxonomy of Attalea (Arecaceae), Rev Peru Biol, vol.15, pp.55-63, 2008.

R. and F. Sb, 22 Araguaia e parte da folha SC.22 Tocantins. Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral, Rio de Janeiro R Development Core Team (2011) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, RADAMBRASIL, 1974.

V. Reynal, M. Muchagata, O. Topall, and J. Hébette, Agricultures familiales et développement en front pionnier amazonien. Gret-UAG-UFPa, 1995.

M. Rufino, J. Costa, D. Silva, V. Andrade, and L. , Conhecimento e uso do ouricuri (Syagrus coronata) e do baba??u (Orbignya phalerata) em Bu??que, PE, Brasil, Acta Botanica Brasilica, vol.55, issue.4, pp.1141-1149, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02864547

URL : https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062008000400025

O. Sala, I. Chapin, J. Armesto, E. Berlow, J. Bloomfield et al., Global Biodiversity Scenarios for the Year 2100 , Science, vol.287, issue.5459, pp.1770-1774, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.287.5459.1770

M. Sanín, F. Anthelme, J. Pintaud, G. Galeano, and R. Bernal, Juvenile Resilience and Adult Longevity Explain Residual Populations of the Andean Wax Palm Ceroxylon quindiuense after Deforestation, PLoS ONE, vol.103, issue.10, pp.1-16, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0074139.s002

M. Santos and A. Dos, Estrato arbóreo nas pastagens de agricultores familiares da comunidade de Benfica, 2007.

A. Santos and D. Mitja, Pastagens arborizadas no projeto de assentamento benfica, munic??pio de Itupiranga, Par??, Brasil, Revista ??rvore, vol.1, issue.1, pp.919-930, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2007.07.007

URL : http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rarv/v35n4/a17v35n4.pdf

H. Shafri, N. Hamdan, and M. Saripan, Semi-automatic detection and counting of oil palm trees from high spatial resolution airborne imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.6, issue.8, pp.2095-2115, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s00138-006-0064-9

J. Shiraishi-neto, As quebradeiras de coco no meio norte Análise estrutural de florestas secundárias e remanescentes florestais no sudeste do Pará, Brasil, 1999.

M. Silva, Distribuição do babaçu e sua relação com os fatores geoambientais na bacia do Rio Cocal, Estado do Tocantins Agouti and babassu, Oryx, vol.12, pp.581-582, 1974.

N. Smith, Palms and people in the Amazon. Geobotany Studies, Basics, methods and case studies, 2015.

P. Srestasathiern and P. Rakwatin, Oil Palm Tree Detection with High Resolution Multi-Spectral Satellite Imagery, Remote Sensing, vol.42, issue.12, pp.9749-9774, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.patcog.2009.04.021

M. Thales, Imagem fração sombra na caracterização e mapeamento de babaçu (Attalea speciosa Mart ex Spreng.) em áreas de floresta, INPE, 1999.

P. Tomlinson, The structural biology of palms, 1990.

S. Wood, S. Ehui, J. Alder, S. Benin, K. Cassman et al., Ecosystems and human Well-being : Current state and trends, pp.209-242, 2005.