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Critical Care 16, 2 (2012) R65
Ventilator-associated pneumonia and ICU mortality in severe ARDS patients ventilated according to a lung-protective strategy.
Jean-Marie Forel 1, 2, François Voillet 1, 2, Daniel Pulina 1, 2, Arnaud Gacouin 3, Gilles Perrin 4, Karine Barrau 5, Samir Jaber 6, Jean-Michel Arnal 7, Mohamed Fathallah 8, Pascal Auquier 5, Antoine Roch 1, 2, Elie Azoulay 9, Laurent Papazian ( ) 1, 2
(23/04/2012)

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) may contribute to the mortality associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to determine the incidence, outcome, and risk factors of bacterial VAP complicating severe ARDS in patients ventilated using a strictly standardized lung-protective strategy. METHODS: This prospective epidemiological study was done in all patients included in the 339 patients with severe ARDS included in a multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial of cisatracurium besylate in severe ARDS patients. Patients with suspected VAP underwent bronchoalveolar lavage to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS: Ninety-eight patients (28.9%) presented at least one episode of microbiologically documented bacterial VAP, including 41 (41.8%) who died in the ICU, compared to 74 (30.7%) of the 241 patients without VAP (P=0.05). After adjustment, age and severity at baseline, but not VAP, were associated with ICU death. Cisatracurium besylate therapy within 2 days of ARDS onset decreased the risk of ICU death. Factors independently associated with an increased risk to develop a VAP were male sex, and worse admission Glasgow Coma Scale score. Tracheostomy, enteral nutrition and the use of a subglottic secretion drainage device were protective. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with severe ARDS receiving lung-protective ventilation, VAP was associated with an increased crude ICU mortality which did not remain significant after adjustment.
1 :  Service de Réanimation des Détresses Respiratoires et Infections Sévères
AP-HM
2 :  Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE)
CNRS : UMR6236 – Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II – Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR198 – IFR48
3 :  Service de Réanimation Médicale
Hôpital Pontchaillou – CHU Rennes – Université de Rennes 1
4 :  Service de Réanimation des Urgences
AP-HM
5 :  Laboratoire de Santé Publique
Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II
6 :  Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale
Hôpital Saint Eloi – CHRU Montpellier
7 :  Service de Réanimation polyvalente
Hopital Font-Pre
8 :  Chu ( Marseille)/inserm
INSERM : CIC9502 – Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II
9 :  Service de réanimation médicale
Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) – Hôpital Saint-Louis – Université Paris VII - Paris Diderot
Sciences du Vivant/Médecine humaine et pathologie/Physiologie
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