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Geophysical Research Letters 38 (2011) L22305
The 2010 Haiti earthquake: A complex fault pattern constrained by seismologic and tectonic observations
Bernard Mercier De Lépinay 1, Anne Deschamps 1, Frauke Klingelhoefer 2, Yves Mazabraud 1, Bertrand Delouis 3, Valérie Clouard 4, Yann Hello 1, Jacques Crozon 2, Boris Marcaillou 3, David Graindorge 5, Martin Vallée 1, Julie Perrot 5, Marie-Paule Bouin 6, Jean-Marie Saurel 4, Philippe Charvis 1, Mildor St-Louis 7
(18/11/2011)

After the January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake, we deployed a mainly offshore temporary network of seismologic stations around the damaged area. The distribution of the recorded aftershocks, together with morphotectonic observations and mainshock analysis, allow us to constrain a complex fault pattern in the area. Almost all of the aftershocks have a N‐S compressive mechanism, and not the expected left‐lateral strike‐slip mechanism. A first‐order slip model of the mainshock shows a N264°E north‐dipping plane, with a major left‐lateral component and a strong reverse component. As the aftershock distribution is sub‐parallel and close to the Enriquillo fault, we assume that although the cause of the catastrophe was not a rupture along the Enriquillo fault, this fault had an important role as a mechanical boundary. The azimuth of the focal planes of the aftershocks are parallel to the north‐dipping faults of the Transhaitian Belt, which suggests a triggering of failure on these discontinuities. In the western part, the aftershock distribution reflects the triggering of slip on similar faults, and/or, alternatively, of the south‐dipping faults, such the Trois‐Baies submarine fault. These observations are in agreement with a model of an oblique collision of an indenter of the oceanic crust of the Southern Peninsula and the sedimentary wedge of the Transhaitian Belt: the rupture occurred on a wrench fault at the rheologic boundary on top of the under‐thrusting rigid oceanic block, whereas the aftershocks were the result of the relaxation on the hanging wall along pre‐existing discontinuities in the frontal part of the Transhaitian Belt.
1 :  Géoazur (GEOAZUR)
Université Nice Sophia Antipolis [UNS] – CNRS : UMR6526 – Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] – Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur – INSU – Université Pierre et Marie Curie [UPMC] - Paris VI
2 :  IFREMER centre de Brest
Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
3 :  Institut universitaire de formation des maîtres - Guadeloupe (IUFM Guadeloupe)
Université des Antilles et de la Guyane
4 :  Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP)
CNRS : UMR7154 – INSU – IPG PARIS – Université Pierre et Marie Curie [UPMC] - Paris VI – Université Paris VII - Paris Diderot – Université de la Réunion
5 :  Domaines Océaniques
Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) – Université de Bretagne Occidentale [UBO] – Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers – CNRS : UMR6538
6 :  Observatoire Volcanologique de Guadeloupe
Observatoire Volcanologique de Guadeloupe
7 :  Bureau des Mines et de l'Energie
Bureau des Mines et de l'Energie
Planète et Univers/Sciences de la Terre/Géophysique

Physique/Physique/Géophysique

Sciences de l'environnement/Milieux et Changements globaux
Haiti 2010 earthquake – aftershocks
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