F. Baret, O. Hagolle, B. Geiger, P. Bicheron, B. Miras et al., LAI, fAPAR and fCover CYCLOPES global products derived from VEGETATION, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.110, issue.3, pp.275-286, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.018
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00397417

A. Bé-gué, S. D. Prince, N. P. Hanan, and J. Roujean, Shortwave radiation budget of Sahelian vegetation 2. Radiative transfer models, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.79, issue.1-2, pp.97-112, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1923(95)02269-4

P. Bicheron and M. Leroy, A Method of Biophysical Parameter Retrieval at Global Scale by Inversion of a Vegetation Reflectance Model, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.67, issue.3, pp.251-266, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00083-2

J. M. Chen and T. A. Black, Defining leaf area index for non-flat leaves, Plant, Cell and Environment, vol.7, issue.4, pp.421-429, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1923(91)90062-U

J. M. Chen, J. Liu, S. G. Leblanc, R. Lacaze, and J. Roujean, Multi-angular optical remote sensing for assessing vegetation structure and carbon absorption, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.84, issue.4, pp.516-525, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00150-5

J. M. Chen, C. H. Menges, and S. G. Leblanc, Global mapping of foliage clumping index using multi-angular satellite data, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.97, issue.4, pp.447-457, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2005.05.003

V. Demarez, Modé lisation du transfert radiatif et té lé dé tection hyperspectrale pour le suivi temporel de la teneur en chlorophylle d'une forê t tempé ré e, 1997.

V. Demarez, J. Gastellu-etchegorry, P. Mordelet, C. Tosca, G. Marty et al., Modeling of the radiation regime and photosynthesis of a finite canopy using the DART model. Influence of canopy architecture assumptions and border effects, Agronomie, vol.20, issue.3, pp.259-270, 2000.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2000125
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886020

V. Demarez, S. Duthoit, F. Baret, M. Weiss, and G. Dedieu, Estimation of leaf area and clumping indexes of crops with hemispherical photographs, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.148, issue.4, pp.644-655, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.015
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00287016

M. Españ-a, F. Baret, F. Ariè-s, B. Andrieu, and M. Chelle, Radiative transfer sensitivity to the accuracy of canopy structure description. The case of a maize canopy, Agronomie, vol.19, issue.3-4, pp.241-254, 1999.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:19990305

F. Gascon, Modé lisation physique d'images de té lé dé tection optique. Thè se, 2001.

J. Gastellu-etchegorry, V. Demarez, V. Pinel, and F. Zagolski, Modeling radiative transfer in heterogeneous 3-D vegetation canopies, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.58, issue.2, pp.131-156, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(95)00253-7
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00405222

J. Gastellu-etchegorry, P. Guillevic, F. Zagolski, V. Demarez, V. Trichon et al., Modeling BRF and Radiation Regime of Boreal and Tropical Forests, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.68, issue.3, pp.281-316, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00119-9

J. P. Gastellu-etchegorry, F. Gascon, and P. Estè-ve, An interpolation procedure for generalizing a look-up table inversion method, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.87, issue.1, pp.55-71, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00146-9

J. Gastellu-etchegorry, E. Martin, and F. Gascon, DART: a 3D model for simulating satellite images and studying surface radiation budget, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.16, issue.1, pp.73-96, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/127719.122739

N. S. Goel and D. E. Strebel, Inversion of vegetation canopy reflectance models for estimating agronomic variables. I. Problem definition and initial results using the suits model, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.13, issue.6, pp.487-507, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(83)90055-X

N. S. Goel and R. L. Thompson, Inversion of vegetation canopy reflectance models for estimating agronomic variables. IV. Total inversion of the SAIL model, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.15, issue.3, pp.237-253, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(84)90034-8

P. Guillevic and J. Gastellu-etchegorry, Modeling BRF and Radiation Regime of Boreal and Tropical Forest, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.68, issue.3, pp.317-340, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00120-5

G. Guyot, Climatologie de l'environnement: de la plante aux e ´ cosystè mes, 1997.

J. Hu, Y. Su, B. Tan, D. Huang, W. Yang et al., Analysis of the MISR LAI/FPAR product for spatial and temporal coverage, accuracy and consistency, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.107, issue.1-2, pp.334-347, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2006.06.020

S. Jacquemoud, C. Bacour, H. Poilvé, and J. Frangi, Comparison of Four Radiative Transfer Models to Simulate Plant Canopies Reflectance Direct and Inverse Mode, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.74, issue.3, pp.471-481, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(00)00139-5

I. Jonckheere, S. Fleck, K. Nackaerts, B. Muys, P. Coppin et al., Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.121, issue.1-2, pp.19-35, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.027

A. Kallel, L. Hé-garat-mascle, S. Ottlé, C. Hubert-moy, and L. , Determination of vegetation cover fraction by inversion of a four-parameter model based on isoline parametrization, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.111, issue.4, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2007.04.006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00443519

D. Kimes, J. P. Gastellu-etchegorry, and P. Estè-ve, Recovery of forest canopy characteristics through inversion of a complex 3D model, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.79, issue.2-3, pp.320-328, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00282-6

Y. Knyazikhin, J. V. Martonchik, R. B. Myneni, D. J. Diner, and S. W. Running, Synergistic algorithm for estimating vegetation canopy leaf area index and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from MODIS and MISR data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.95, issue.D24, pp.32257-32276, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98JD02462

C. J. Kucharik, J. M. Norman, L. M. Murdock, and S. T. Gower, Characterizing canopy nonrandomness with a multiband vegetation imager (MVI), Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.83, issue.1, pp.29455-29473, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/97JD01175

C. J. Kucharik, J. M. Norman, and S. T. Gower, Characterization of radiation regimes in nonrandom forest canopies: theory, measurements, and a simplified modeling approach, Tree Physiology, vol.19, issue.11, pp.695-706, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/19.11.695

A. Kuusk, A multispectral canopy reflectance model, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.50, issue.2, pp.75-82, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(94)90035-3

A. Kuusk, A Markov chain model of canopy reflectance, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.76, issue.3-4, pp.221-236, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1923(94)02216-7

R. Lacaze, J. M. Chen, J. Roujean, and S. Leblanc, Retrieval of vegetation clumping index using hot spot signatures measured by POLDER instrument, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.79, issue.1, pp.84-95, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00241-3

C. Lauvernet, F. Baret, L. Hascoë-t, L. Buis, L. Dimet et al., Multitemporal-patch ensemble inversion of coupled surface???atmosphere radiative transfer models for land surface characterization, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.112, issue.3, pp.851-861, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2007.06.027
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00391894

R. Lemeur and B. L. Blad, A critical review of light models for estimating the shortwave radiation regime of plant canopies, Agricultural Meteorology, vol.14, issue.1-2, pp.255-286, 1974.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-1571(74)90024-7

R. Lopez-lozano, F. Baret, M. Chelle, and N. Rochdi, Sensitivity of gap fraction to maize architectural characteristics based on 4D model simulations, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.143, issue.3-4, pp.217-229, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.12.005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01192023

B. Luquet, A. Begué, J. Dauzat, Y. Nouvellon, and H. Rey, Effect of the vegetation clumping on the BRDF of a semi-arid grassland: comparison of the SAIL model and ray tracing method applied to a 3D computerized vegetation canopy, IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174), 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.699585

D. J. Major, G. B. Schaalje, C. Wiegand, and B. L. Blad, Accuracy and sensitivity analyses of SAIL model-predicted reflectance of maize, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.41, issue.1, pp.61-70, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90061-N

M. Malenovsky´, Z. Martin, E. Homolova, L. Gastellu-etchegorry, J. Zurita-milla et al., Influence of woody elements of a Norway spruce canopy on nadir reflectance simulated by the DART model at very high spatial resolution, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.112, issue.1, pp.1-18, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2006.02.028
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00405279

E. Martin, DART: Modè le 3-D multispectral et inversion d'images optique de satellite?Applications aux couverts forestiers. Thè se, 2006.

M. Monsi and T. Saeki, U ¨ ber den Lichtfaktor in den Pflanzengesellschaften und seine Bedeutung fü r die Stoffproduktion, Jpn. J. Bot, vol.14, pp.22-52, 1953.

J. Morisette, F. Baret, J. L. Privette, R. B. Myneni, J. Nickeson et al., Validation of global moderate-resolution LAI products: a framework proposed within the CEOS land product validation subgroup, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.44, issue.7, pp.1804-1817, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2006.872529

R. B. Myneni, R. R. Nemani, and S. W. Running, Estimation of global leaf area index and absorbed par using radiative transfer models, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.35, issue.6, pp.1380-1393, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/36.649788

J. A. Nelder and R. Mead, A Simplex Method for Function Minimization, The Computer Journal, vol.7, issue.4, pp.308-313, 1965.
DOI : 10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308

T. Nilson, A theoretical analysis of the frequency of gaps in plant stands, Agricultural Meteorology, vol.8, pp.25-38, 1971.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-1571(71)90092-6

Y. Nouvellon, A. Bé-gué, M. S. Moran, D. Lo-seen, S. Rambal et al., PAR extinction in shortgrass ecosystems: effects of clumping, sky conditions and soil albedo, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol.105, issue.1-3, pp.21-41, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00194-5

V. Pinel and J. P. Gastellu-etchegorry, Sensitivity of Texture of High Resolution Images of Forest to Biophysical and Acquisition Parameters, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.65, issue.1, pp.61-85, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00009-1

B. Pinty, A physical model of the bidirectional reflectance of vegetation canopies: 2. Inversion and validation, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.21, issue.D8, pp.11767-11775, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JD095iD08p11767

B. Pinty, N. Gobron, J. L. Widlowski, S. A. Gerstl, M. M. Vertraete et al., Radiation transfer model intercomparison (RAMI) exercise, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.58, issue.D11, pp.11937-11956, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900493
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00405091

B. Pinty, J. L. Widlowski, M. Taberner, N. Gobron, M. M. Verstraete et al., Radiation transfer model intercomparison (RAMI) exercice?2nd phase, J. Geophys. Res, vol.109, issue.D16, p.6210, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2000jd900493
URL : http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC20040

J. L. Privette, R. B. Myneni, C. J. Tucker, and W. J. Emery, Invertibility of a 1D discrete ordinates canopy reflectance model, Remote Sens. Environ, vol.105, pp.48-89, 1994.

J. Roujean and F. Breon, Estimating PAR absorbed by vegetation from bidirectional reflectance measurements, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.51, issue.3, pp.375-384, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(94)00114-3

W. Verhoef, Light scattering by leaf layers with application to canopy reflectance modeling: The SAIL model, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.16, issue.2, pp.125-141, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(84)90057-9

M. Weiss and F. Baret, Evaluation of Canopy Biophysical Variable Retrieval Performances from the Accumulation of Large Swath Satellite Data, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.70, issue.3, pp.293-306, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00045-0

M. Weiss, F. Baret, R. B. Myneni, A. Pragnè-re, and Y. Knyazikihn, Investigation of a model inversion technique to estimate canopy biophysical variables from spectral and directional reflectance data, Agronomie, vol.20, issue.1, pp.3-22, 2000.
DOI : 10.1051/agro:2000105
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00885991

M. Weiss, F. Baret, S. Garrigues, and R. Lacaze, LAI and fAPAR CYCLOPES global products derived from VEGETATION. Part 2: validation and comparison with MODIS collection 4 products, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.110, issue.3, pp.317-331, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00397417

J. M. Welles and J. M. Norman, Instrument for Indirect Measurement of Canopy Architecture, Agronomy Journal, vol.83, issue.5, pp.818-825, 1991.
DOI : 10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300050009x