This short note depicts the contribution prepared by IRD scientists from UMR EME to a French Maritime Forum (outside fisheries panel) organized by the French government in Concarneau (September 26, 2009). We suggest (i) reinforcing the role of the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), (ii) to promote the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) within an international framework, (iii) to develop spatial rules in maritime uses, such as marine protected area (MPA), (iv) to associate developing countries toward a responsible code of conduct in fishery practices. We finally discuss about the major challenges facing tunas fisheries; such as the impact of climate change on fishery activities (EU Green paper on CFP) as well as the development of new green technologies in highsea fisheries with the objective to reduce their energetic costs (i.e., ecological footprint).