W. Ambach, The Influence of Cloudiness on The Net Radiation Balance of A Snow Surface with High Albedo, Journal of Glaciology, vol.2, issue.67, pp.73-84, 1974.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022143000023388

W. Ambach, Nomographs for the determination of meltwater from snow and ice surfaces, Ber. Naturwiss. Med. Ver. Innsbruck, vol.73, pp.7-15, 1986.

E. L. Andreas, A theory for the scalar roughness and the scalar transfer coefficients over snow and sea ice, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol.70, issue.1-2, pp.159-184, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00121562

M. Arck and D. Scherer, Problems in the determination of sensible heat flux over snow, Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, vol.84, issue.3-4, pp.157-169, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0435-3676.2002.00170.x

R. Bintanja, S. Jonsson, and W. Knap, The annual cycle of the surface energy balance of Antarctic blue ice, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.89, issue.4, pp.1867-1881, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD01801

B. Bourges, Improvement in solar declination computation, Solar Energy, vol.35, issue.4, pp.367-369, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0038-092X(85)90144-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00993149

E. Brun, E. Martin, V. Simon, C. Gendre, and C. Coleou, Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.4, issue.121, pp.333-342, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/JC079i030p04527

E. Brun, P. David, M. Sudul, and G. Brunot, Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.13, issue.128, pp.38-51, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/RG020i001p00067

A. C. De-la-casinière, Heat Exchange over a Melting Snow Surface, Journal of Glaciology, vol.3, issue.67, pp.55-72, 1974.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49709641012

B. Denby and W. Greuell, The use of bulk and profile methods for determining surface heat fluxes in the presence of glacier winds, Journal of Glaciology, vol.46, issue.154, pp.445-452, 2000.
DOI : 10.3189/172756500781833124

H. F. Diaz and N. E. Graham, Recent changes in tropical freezing heights and the role of sea surface temperature, Nature, vol.383, issue.6596, pp.152-155, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/383152a0

B. Francou, M. Vuille, P. Wagnon, J. Mendoza, and J. E. Sicart, Tropical climate change recorded by a glacier in the central Andes during the last decades of the 20th century: Chacaltaya, Bolivia, 16°S, J. Geophys . Res, vol.108, issue.D5, p.415410, 1029.

B. Francou, M. Vuille, V. Favier, and B. Cáceres, New evidence for an ENSO impact on low-latitude glaciers: Antizana 15, Andes of Ecuador, 0??28???S, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.7, issue.11, pp.1810610-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JD004484

D. J. Gaffen, B. D. Santer, J. S. Boyle, J. R. Christy, N. E. Graham et al., Multidecadal Changes in the Vertical Temperature Structure of the Tropical Troposphere, Multidecadal changes in the vertical temperature structure of the tropical troposphere, pp.1242-1245, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.287.5456.1242

I. Halberstam and J. P. Schieldge, Anomalous Behavior of the Atmospheric Surface Layer over a Melting Snowpack, Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol.20, issue.3, pp.255-265, 1981.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<0255:ABOTAS>2.0.CO;2

S. Hastenrath, Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.10, issue.82, pp.85-97, 1978.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1970)027<1048:TTOSIT>2.0.CO;2

S. Hastenrath, The Glaciation of the Ecuadorian Andes, 173, 1981.

S. Hastenrath, Climate Dynamics of the Tropics, Kluwer Acad, vol.488, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-3156-8

S. Hastenrath and P. D. Kruss, The dramatic retreat of Mount Kenya???s glaciers between 1963 and 1987: greenhouse forcing, Annals of Glaciology, vol.19, pp.127-133, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/319109a0

R. Hock and . Geograph, Modelling of glacier melt and discharge, Inst., ETH Zürich, 1998.

R. Hock and B. Holmgren, Some Aspects of Energy Balance and Ablation of Storglaciaren, Northern Sweden, Geografiska Annaler. Series A, Physical Geography, vol.78, issue.2/3, pp.121-131, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/520974

G. Kaser, Glacier-climate interaction at low latitudes, Journal of Glaciology, vol.47, issue.157, pp.195-204, 2001.
DOI : 10.3189/172756501781832296

G. Kaser, M. Ames, and M. Zamora, Glacier Fluctuations and Climate in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, Glacier fluctuation and climate in the Cordillera Blanca, pp.136-141, 1990.
DOI : 10.1017/S0260305500008430

J. C. King and P. S. Anderson, Heat and water vapour fluxes and scalar roughness lengths over an Antarctic ice shelf, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol.2, issue.1-2, pp.101-121, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00713297

E. J. Klok and J. Oerlemans, Model study of the spatial distribution of the energy and mass balance of Morteratschgletscher, Switzerland, Journal of Glaciology, vol.48, issue.163, pp.505-518, 2002.
DOI : 10.3189/172756502781831133

M. Kuhn, Climate and glaciers, Sea Level, Ice and Climatic Change (Proceedings of the Canberra Symposium), pp.3-20, 1981.

D. H. Male and R. J. Granger, Snow surface energy exchange, Snow surface energy exchange, pp.609-627, 1981.
DOI : 10.1029/WR017i003p00609

D. Marks and J. Dozier, Climate and energy exchange at the snow surface in the Alpine Region of the Sierra Nevada: 2. Snow cover energy balance, Water Resources Research, vol.5, issue.11, pp.3043-3054, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/92WR01483

S. Martin, Wind Regimes And Heat Exchange On Glacier De Saint-Sorlin, Journal of Glaciology, vol.98, issue.70, pp.91-105, 1975.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022143000013435

T. Mölg, D. R. Hardy, and G. Kaser, Solar-radiation-maintained glacier recession on Kilimanjaro drawn from combined ice-radiation geometry modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.83, issue.D24, pp.473110-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JD003546

R. D. Moore, On the use of bulk aerodynamic formulae over melting snow, Nord. Hydrol, vol.14, issue.4, pp.193-206, 1983.

E. M. Morris, Turbulent transfer over snow and ice, Journal of Hydrology, vol.105, issue.3-4, pp.205-223, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1694(89)90105-4

D. S. Munro, Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.22, issue.121, pp.343-348, 1989.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49709640708

F. Obleitner and J. De-wolde, On intercomparison of instruments used within the Vatnajökull glacio-meteorological experiment, Boundary Layer Meteorol, vol.92, pp.27-37, 1999.

J. Oerlemans, The atmospheric boundary layer over melting glaciers , in Clear and Cloudy Boundary Layer, R. Netherlands Acad. of Arts and Sci, pp.129-153, 1998.

J. Oerlemans, Glaciers and Climate Change, 148 pp, 2001.

J. Oerlemans and B. Grisogono, Glacier winds and parameterisation of the related surface heat fluxes, pp.440-452, 2002.

J. Oerlemans and E. J. Klok, Energy balance of a glacier surface: Analysis of AWS data from the Morteratschglatscher, Switzerland, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res, vol.34, issue.123, pp.115-123, 2002.

J. Oerlemans and W. Knap, Abstract, Journal of Glaciology, vol.35, issue.28, pp.231-238, 1998.
DOI : 10.1126/science.258.5079.115

T. R. Oke, Boundary Layer Climates, 1987.
DOI : 10.4324/9780203407219

J. E. Sicart, Contribution a ` l'e ´tude des flux d'e ´nergie, du bilan de masse et du débit de fonte d'un glacier tropical, 2002.

J. E. Sicart, P. Ribstein, P. Wagnon, and D. Brunstein, Clear-sky albedo measurements on a sloping glacier surface: A case study in the Bolivian Andes, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.61, issue.6, pp.31729-31737, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD000153

M. R. Van-den-broeke, Momentum, Heat, and Moisture Budgets of the Katabatic Wind Layer over a Midlatitude Glacier in Summer, Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol.36, issue.6, pp.763-774, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0763:MHAMBO>2.0.CO;2

M. Vuille and R. S. Bradley, Mean annual temperature trends and their vertical structure in the tropical Andes, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.13, issue.12, pp.3885-3888, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/2000GL011871

M. Vuille, R. S. Bradley, and F. Keimig, Climate Variability in the Andes of Ecuador and Its Relation to Tropical Pacific and Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies, Journal of Climate, vol.13, issue.14, pp.2520-2535, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2520:CVITAO>2.0.CO;2

P. Wagnon, P. Ribstein, B. Francou, and B. Pouyaud, Annual cycle of energy balance of Zongo Glacier, Cordillera Real, Bolivia, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.43, issue.145, pp.3907-3923, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1998JD200011

P. Wagnon, P. Ribstein, B. Francou, and J. E. Sicart, Anomalous heat and mass budget of Zongo Glacier, Bolivia, during the 1997 ? 98 El Niño year, J. Glaciol, issue.156, pp.47-68, 2001.

S. G. Warren, Optical properties of snow, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.53, issue.1, pp.67-89, 1982.
DOI : 10.1029/RG020i001p00067

À. Chazarin and V. Favier, Maison des Sciences de l, (favier@msem.univ-montp2.fr) A. Coudrain, UMR Hydrosciences, p.300