P. Arnaud, Les moulières à Mytilus et Aulacomya des îles Kerguelen (sud de l'Océan Indien). Les "moulières de seuil" et leur intérêt possible pour l'aquaculture des pélécypodes, Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Série 3 272, pp.1423-1425, 1971.

P. Arnaud, Contribution à la bionomie marine benthique des régions antarctiques et subantarctiques, pp.465-656, 1974.

H. Bandelt, P. Forster, and A. Röhl, Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.16, issue.1, pp.37-48, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036

N. Barton and G. Hewitt, Analysis of Hybrid Zones, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.16, issue.1, pp.113-148, 1985.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.000553

K. Belkhir, P. Borsa, L. Chikhi, N. Raufaste, and F. Bonhomme, Genetix version 4.02, logiciel sous WindowsTM pour la génétique des populations, CNRS UMR, vol.5000, 2000.

Y. Benjamini and Y. Hochberg, Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, vol.57, pp.289-300, 1995.

N. Bierne, P. Borsa, and C. Daguin, Introgression patterns in the mosaic hybrid zone between Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis, Molecular Ecology, vol.112, issue.2, pp.447-461, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s002270050342

N. Bierne, P. David, P. Boudry, and F. Bonhomme, ASSORTATIVE FERTILIZATION AND SELECTION AT LARVAL STAGE IN THE MUSSELS MYTILUS EDULIS AND M. GALLOPROVINCIALIS, Evolution, vol.19, issue.2, pp.292-298, 2002.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.101.6.2324

N. Bierne, P. David, A. Langlade, and F. Bonhomme, Can habitat specialisation maintain a mosaic hybrid zone in marine bivalves?, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.245, pp.157-170, 2002.
DOI : 10.3354/meps245157

S. Blain, P. Tréguer, S. Belviso, E. Bucciarelli, M. Denis et al., A biogeochemical study of the island mass effect in the context of the iron hypothesis: Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, pp.163-187, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00474512

M. Blot, C. Thiriot-quievreux, and J. Soyer, Genetic relationships among populations of Mytilus desolationis from Kerguelen, M edulis from the North Atlantic and M. gallo-provincialis from the Mediterranean, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.44, pp.239-247, 1988.
DOI : 10.3354/meps044239

M. Blot, C. Thiriot-quievreux, and J. Soyer, Genetic differences and environments of mussel populations in Kerguelen Islands, Polar Biology, vol.10, issue.3, pp.167-174, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00238491

P. Borsa, C. Daguin, and N. Bierne, spp. mussels, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol.92, issue.4, pp.747-754, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00917.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00708068

P. Borsa, C. Daguin, R. Caetano, S. Bonhomme, and F. , Nuclear-DNA evidence that northeasten Atlantic Mytilus trossulus mussels carry M. edulis genes, Journal of Molluscan Study, vol.35, pp.524-527, 1999.

P. Borsa, V. Rolland, and C. Daguin-thiébaut, Genetics and taxonomy of Chilean smooth-shelled mussels, Mytilus spp. (Bivalvia: Mytilidae), Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol.335, issue.1, pp.51-61, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crvi.2011.10.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00695510

A. Brandt, K. Linse, and U. Mühlenhardt-siegel, Biogeography of Crustacea and Mollusca of the Subantarctic and Antarctic regions, Scientia Marina, vol.63, issue.S1, pp.383-389, 1999.
DOI : 10.3989/scimar.1999.63s1383

J. Briggs, Oceanic Islands, Endemism, and Marine Paleotemperatures, Systematic Zoology, vol.15, issue.2, pp.153-163, 1966.
DOI : 10.2307/2411634

T. Broquet, F. Viard, and J. Yearsley, GENETIC DRIFT AND COLLECTIVE DISPERSAL CAN RESULT IN CHAOTIC GENETIC PATCHINESS, Evolution, vol.16, issue.6, pp.1660-1675, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01826.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01218819

A. Chao and T. Shen, Program SPADE (Species Prediction And Diversity Estimation) Program and User's Guide published at http, 2010.

G. Coop, D. Witonsky, D. Rienzo, A. Pritchard, and J. , Using Environmental Correlations to Identify Loci Underlying Local Adaptation, Genetics, vol.185, issue.4, pp.1411-1423, 2010.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.110.114819

C. Daguin, F. Bonhomme, and P. Borsa, The zone of sympatry and hybridization of Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis, as described by intron length polymorphism at locus mac-1, Heredity, vol.36, issue.3, pp.342-354, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1384:ASOAID>2.0.CO;2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00553339

C. Daguin and P. Borsa, Genetic characterisation of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk. in North West Africa using nuclear DNA markers, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.235, issue.1, pp.55-65, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-0981(98)00163-4

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-01390170

C. Daguin and P. Borsa, Lamarck populations worldwide: evidence from nuclear-DNA markers, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol.177, issue.1, pp.389-397, 2000.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.177.01.26

G. Edgar, Dispersal of faunal and floral propagules associated with drifting Macrocystis pyrifera plants, Marine Biology, vol.166, issue.117, pp.599-610, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00393104

B. Eldon and J. Wakeley, Coalescence Times and FST Under a Skewed Offspring Distribution Among Individuals in a Population, Genetics, vol.181, issue.2, pp.615-629, 2009.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.108.094342

B. Emerson, Evolution on oceanic islands: molecular phylogenetic approaches to understanding pattern and process, Molecular Ecology, vol.219, issue.6, pp.951-966, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.050351197

L. Excoffier, G. Laval, and S. Schneider, Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis, Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online, vol.1, pp.47-50, 2005.

L. Excoffier, P. Smouse, and J. Quattro, Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: Application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data, Genetics, vol.131, pp.479-491, 1992.

O. Folmer, M. Black, W. Hoeh, R. Lutz, and R. Vrijenhoek, DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates, Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, vol.3, pp.294-299, 1994.

Y. Frenot, J. Gloaguen, L. Masse, and M. Lebouvier, Human activities, ecosystem disturbance and plant invasions in subantarctic Crozet, Kerguelen and Amsterdam Islands Biological Conservation, pp.33-50, 2001.

P. Gagnaire, E. Normandeau, C. Côté, M. Hansen, and L. Bernatchez, The Genetic Consequences of Spatially Varying Selection in the Panmictic American Eel (Anguilla rostrata), Genetics, vol.190, issue.2, pp.725-736, 2012.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.111.134825

J. Gardner, The Mytilus edulis species complex in southwest England: effects of hybridization and introgression upon interlocus associations and morphometric variation, Marine Biology, vol.68, issue.Suppl 99, pp.385-399, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00346319

J. Gardner and G. Kathiravetpillai, Biochemical genetic variation at a leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) locus in blue ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) and greenshell ( Perna canaliculus ) mussel populations along a salinity gradient, Marine Biology, vol.128, issue.4, pp.619-625, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s002270050128

J. Gardner and N. Palmer, Size-dependent, spatial and temporal genetic variation at a leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) locus among blue mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis ) populations along a salinity gradient, Marine Biology, vol.132, issue.2, pp.275-281, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s002270050393

K. Gérard, N. Bierne, P. Borsa, A. Chenuil, and J. Féral, Pleistocene separation of mitochondrial lineages of Mytilus spp. mussels from Northern and Southern Hemispheres and strong genetic differentiation among southern populations, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol.49, issue.1, pp.84-91, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.006

M. Gilg and T. Hilbish, PATTERNS OF LARVAL DISPERSAL AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE MAINTENANCE OF A BLUE MUSSEL HYBRID ZONE IN SOUTHWESTERN ENGLAND, Evolution, vol.19, issue.5, pp.1061-1077, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s002270050342

M. Gilg and T. Hilbish, THE GEOGRAPHY OF MARINE LARVAL DISPERSAL: COUPLING GENETICS WITH FINE-SCALE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, Ecology, vol.84, issue.11, pp.2989-2998, 2003.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1998.43.7.1710

B. Hamer, M. Korlevic, E. Durmisi, V. Nerlovic, and N. Bierne, Nuclear marker Me 15-16 analyses of Mytilus galloprovincialis populations along the eastern Adriatic coast, Cahiers de Biologie Marine, vol.53, pp.35-44, 2012.

D. Hedgecock, Temporal and spatial genetic structure of marine animal populations in the California Current, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports, pp.75-81, 1994.

D. Hedgecock and A. Pudovkin, Sweepstakes Reproductive Success in Highly Fecund Marine Fish and Shellfish: A Review and Commentary, Bulletin of Marine Science, vol.87, issue.4, pp.971-1002, 2011.
DOI : 10.5343/bms.2010.1051

P. Hedrick, A STANDARDIZED GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE, Evolution, vol.15, issue.8, pp.1633-1638, 2005.
DOI : 10.2307/2406450

F. Hennion and D. Walton, Seed germination of endemic species from Kerguelen phytogeographic zone, Polar Biology, vol.17, issue.2, pp.180-187, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s003000050120

T. Hilbish, L. Deaton, and R. Koehn, Effect of an allozyme polymorphism on regulation of cell volume, Nature, vol.30, issue.5875, pp.688-689, 1982.
DOI : 10.1038/298688a0

T. Hilbish and R. Koehn, The Physiological Basis of Natural Selection at the Lap Locus, Evolution, vol.39, issue.6, pp.1302-1317, 1985.
DOI : 10.2307/2408787

T. Hilbish and R. Koehn, Exclusion of the Role of Secondary Contact in an Allele Frequency Cline in the Mussel Mutilus edulis, Evolution, vol.39, issue.2, pp.432-443, 1985.
DOI : 10.2307/2408375

T. Hilbish, A. Mullinax, and S. Dolven, Origin of the antitropical distribution pattern in marine mussels ( Mytilus spp.): routes and timing of transequatorial migration, Marine Biology, vol.136, issue.1, pp.69-77, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s002270050010

T. Hilbish, J. Timmons, V. Agrawal, K. Schneider, and M. Gilg, Estuarine habitats protect hybrid mussels from selection, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.292, issue.2, pp.177-186, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00161-8

K. Inoue, J. Waite, M. Matsuoka, S. Odo, and S. Harayama, Interspecific Variations in Adhesive Protein Sequences of Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis, and M. trossulus, The Biological Bulletin, vol.189, issue.3, pp.370-375, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/1542155

M. Johnson and R. Black, Pattern Beneath the Chaos: The Effect of Recruitment on Genetic Patchiness in an Intertidal Limpet, Evolution, vol.38, issue.6, pp.1371-1383, 1984.
DOI : 10.2307/2408642

L. Jost, and its relatives do not measure differentiation, Molecular Ecology, vol.15, issue.18, pp.4015-4026, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03887.x

T. Kawecki and D. Ebert, Conceptual issues in local adaptation, Ecology Letters, vol.84, issue.12, pp.1225-1241, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/284528

R. Koehn, Biochemical aspects of genetic variation at the LAP locus in Mytilus edulis, Marine organism : Genetics, 1978.

P. Koubbi, G. Duhamel, and C. Hebert, Role of bay, fjord and seamount on the early life history of Lepidonotothen squamifrons from the Kerguelen Islands, Polar Biology, vol.23, issue.7, pp.459-465, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s003009900106

S. Launey, C. Ledu, P. Boudry, F. Bonhomme, and Y. Naciri-graven, Geographic Structure in the European Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis L.) as Revealed by Microsatellite Polymorphism, Journal of Heredity, vol.93, issue.5, pp.331-338, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/jhered/93.5.331

P. Luttikhuizen, A. Koolhas, A. Bol, and T. Piersma, Mytilus galloprovincialis-type foot-protein-1 alleles occur at low frequency among mussels in the Dutch Wadden Sea, Journal of Sea Research, vol.48, issue.3, pp.241-245, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1385-1101(02)00168-5

N. Mantel, The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach, Cancer Research, vol.27, pp.209-220, 1967.

M. Smith and J. , Sympatric Speciation, The American Naturalist, vol.100, issue.916, pp.637-650, 1966.
DOI : 10.1086/282457

J. Mcdonald, R. Seed, and R. Koehn, Allozymes and morphometric characters of three species ofMytilus in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, Marine Biology, vol.20, issue.1, pp.323-333, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01319403

R. Mcdowall, Oceanic Islands and Endemism, Systematic Zoology, vol.17, issue.3, pp.346-350, 1968.
DOI : 10.2307/2412020

P. Meirmans and P. Hedrick, Assessing population structure: FST and related measures, Molecular Ecology Resources, vol.19, issue.1, pp.5-18, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02927.x

J. Murail, P. David, and M. Panouse, Hydrologie du plateau continental des îles Kerguelen, Bulletin du Comité National Français de la Recherche Antarctique, vol.42, pp.41-64, 1977.

M. Nei, Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals, Genetics, vol.89, pp.583-590, 1978.

M. Ohresser, P. Borsa, and C. Delsert, Intron-length polymorphism at the actin gene locus mac-1: a genetic marker for population studies in the marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk and M. edulis L, Molecular marine Biology and Biotechnology, vol.6, pp.123-130, 1997.

Y. Park, N. Gasco, and G. Duhamel, Slope currents around the Kerguelen Islands from demersal longline fishing records, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.101, issue.22, p.9604, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2008GL033660

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00440192

Y. Park, F. Roquet, I. Durand, and J. Fuda, Large-scale circulation over and around the Northern Kerguelen Plateau. Deep-Sea Research II, pp.566-581, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00770568

C. Perrin, S. Wing, and M. Roy, Effects of hydrographic barriers on population genetic structure of the sea star Coscinasterias muricata (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) in the New Zealand fiords, Molecular Ecology, vol.79, issue.8, pp.2183-2195, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02241.x

E. Poulin and J. Féral, Pattern of spatial distribution of a brood-protecting schizasterid echinoid, Abatus cordatus, endemic to the Kerguelen Islands, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.118, pp.179-186, 1995.
DOI : 10.3354/meps118179

P. Rawson, K. Joyner, K. Meetze, and T. Hilbish, Evidence for intragenic recombination within a novel genetic marker that distinguishes mussels in the Mytilus edulis species complex, Heredity, vol.77, issue.6, pp.599-607, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/hdy.1996.187

M. Raymond and F. Rousset, An Exact Test for Population Differentiation, Evolution, vol.49, issue.6, pp.1280-1283, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/2410454

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00186384

S. Razouls, P. Koubbi, and P. Mayraud, Spatio-temporal distribution of mesozooplankton in a sub-Antarctic coastal basin of the Kerguelen Archipelago (southern Indian Ocean), Polar Biology, vol.89, issue.168, pp.581-587, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02329055

N. Ryman and S. Palm, POWSIM: a computer program for assessing statistical power when testing for genetic differentiation, Molecular Ecology Notes, vol.86, issue.3, pp.600-602, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00693.x

E. Sanford and M. Kelly, Local Adaptation in Marine Invertebrates, Annual Review of Marine Science, vol.3, issue.1, pp.509-535, 2011.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142756

A. Sanjuan, C. Zapata, and G. Alvarez, Lmk. throughout the world, Ophelia, vol.17, issue.1, pp.13-31, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1983.tb01597.x

D. Skibinski, Natural selection in hybrid mussel populations In: Protein polymorphisms adaptive and taxonomic significance, Oxford GS, Rollinson D), pp.283-298, 1983.

D. Skibinski, M. Ahmad, and J. Beardmore, Genetic Evidence for Naturally Occurring Hybrids Between Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis, Evolution, vol.32, issue.2, pp.354-364, 1978.
DOI : 10.2307/2407603

C. Spearman, The Proof and Measurement of Association between Two Things, The American Journal of Psychology, vol.15, issue.1, pp.72-101, 1904.
DOI : 10.2307/1412159

R. Väinölä and M. Hvilsom, Genetic divergence and a hybrid zone between Baltic and North Sea Mytilus populations (Mytilidae: Mollusca), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol.43, issue.2, pp.127-148, 1991.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00589.x

F. Viard, B. Delay, C. Coustau, and F. Renaud, Evolution of the genetic structure of bivalve cohorts at hybridization sites of the Mytilus edulis-M. galloprovincialis complex, Marine Biology, vol.13, issue.4, pp.535-539, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00354315

J. Waite, The Formation of Mussel Byssus: Anatomy of a Natural Manufacturing Process, Case ST), 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-47207-0_2

P. Walsh, D. Metzger, and R. Higushi, Chelex 100 as a Medium for Simple Extraction of DNA for PCR-Based Typing from Forensic Material, BioTechniques, vol.54, issue.3, pp.506-513, 1991.
DOI : 10.2144/000114018

B. Weir and C. Cockerham, Estimating F-Statistics for the Analysis of Population Structure, Evolution, vol.38, issue.6, pp.1358-1370, 1984.
DOI : 10.2307/2408641

G. Williams, Adaptation and natural selection Princeton University Press, Princeton. 48°40'58''; 69°02'12, 1966.

A. Du-jardin, A. North, and 4. , 14''; 69°00'43'' Port Matha PMt North 48°55'59''; 69°02'35'' Port Couvreux PCx North 49°17'07"; 69°41'50

P. Morne and P. East, Rivière des Albatros RdA East 49°21'08"; 70°22'47" Port-aux-Français PAF Gulf of M. 49°21'08"; 70°13'07" Port Raymond (deep bay) PR1 Gulf of M. 49°20'19"; 69°48'20'' Port Raymond (Hut) PR2 Gulf of M. 49°20'27''; 69°49'22'' Ile haute IH Gulf of M. 49°23'13''; 69°56'20

H. Bossière and F. , 200 m downstream from mb BO200av Gulf of M. See Fig

H. Bossière and F. , 100 m downstream from mb BO100av Gulf of M. See Fig

H. Bossière and F. , eastern part of mb BOCRD Gulf of M. See Fig

H. Bossière and F. , center of mb BOCentre Gulf of M. 49°24'28"; 69°40'06

H. Bossière and F. , western part of mb BOCRG Gulf of M. See Fig

H. Bossière and F. , 100 m upstream from mb BO100am Gulf of M. See Fig

H. Bossière and F. , 200 m upstream from mb BO200am Gulf of M. See Fig

H. Bossière and F. , front of hut BOCAB Gulf of M. 49°24'07"; 69°38'37

H. Bossière and F. , deep part BOFF Gulf of M. 49°23'36"; 69°37'48" Armor Ar1 Gulf of M. 49°27'50''; 69°43'40'' Armor Ar2 Gulf of M. 49°27'50''; 69°43'40

I. Suhm, I. Gulf, and M. , 18"; 70°09'38 Baie des Swains BdS South 49°33'02"; 69°46'23 Baie de la Table BT South 49°31'; 69°11'15" Fjord des Portes Noires FPN South 49°29'; 69°06'06'' Baie de la Mouche BM South 49°32'56"; 69°05'10