N. J. Abram, H. V. Mcgregor, M. K. Gagan, W. S. Hantoro, and B. W. Suwargadi, Oscillations in the southern extent of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool during the mid-Holocene, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.28, issue.25-26, pp.25-26, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.006

P. Aharon, Stable isotope geochemistry of a late quaternary coral reef sequence, New Guinea: Application of high resolution data to paleoclimatology, 1980.

T. Ambrizzi, B. J. Hoskins, and H. Hsu, Rossby Wave Propagation and Teleconnection Patterns in the Austral Winter, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.52, issue.21, pp.3661-3672, 1995.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<3661:RWPATP>2.0.CO;2

A. Aubert, C. E. Lazareth, G. Cabioch, H. Boucher, T. Yamada et al., The tropical giant clam Hippopus hippopus shell, a new archive of environmental conditions as revealed by sclerochronological and ??18O profiles, Coral Reefs, vol.212, issue.4, pp.989-998, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.07.001

J. W. Beck, Abrupt changes in early Holocene tropical sea surface temperature derived from coral records, Nature, vol.385, issue.6618, pp.705-707, 1997.
DOI : 10.1038/385705a0

J. W. Beck, R. L. Edwards, E. Ito, F. W. Taylor, J. Recy et al., Sea-Surface Temperature from Coral Skeletal Strontium/Calcium Ratios, Science, vol.257, issue.5070, pp.644-647, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.257.5070.644

A. Berger and M. F. Loutre, Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.10, issue.4, pp.297-31710, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90033-Q

P. Braconnot, Results of PMIP2 coupled simulations of the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum &ndash; Part 2: feedbacks with emphasis on the location of the ITCZ and mid- and high latitudes heat budget, Climate of the Past, vol.3, issue.2, pp.279-29610, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/cp-3-279-2007

P. Braconnot, Y. Luan, S. Brewer, and W. Zheng, Impact of Earth???s orbit and freshwater fluxes on Holocene climate mean seasonal cycle and ENSO characteristics, Climate Dynamics, vol.30, issue.7???8, pp.1081-109210, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00382-007-0320-3

J. Brown, M. Collins, A. W. Tudhope, and T. Toniazzo, Modelling mid-Holocene tropical climate and ENSO variability: towards constraining predictions of future change with palaeo-data, Climate Dynamics, vol.25, issue.7, pp.19-3610, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/147GM02

J. Brown, A. W. Tudhope, M. Collins, and H. V. Mcgregor, Mid-Holocene ENSO: Issues in quantitative model-proxy data comparisons, Paleoceanography, vol.78, issue.7, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2539:GPAYMA>2.0.CO;2

URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2007PA001512/pdf

M. A. Cane, The evolution of El Ni??o, past and future, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.230, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.12.003

M. Cane and A. C. Clement, A role for the tropical Pacific coupled ocean-atmosphere system on Milankovitch and millennial timescales part II: Global impacts, in Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales, Geophys. Monogr. Ser, vol.112, pp.373-38310, 1999.

J. C. Chiang, Y. Fang, and P. Chang, Pacific Climate Change and ENSO Activity in the Mid-Holocene, Journal of Climate, vol.22, issue.4, pp.923-93910, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/2008JCLI2644.1

A. C. Clement, R. Seager, and M. A. Cane, Suppression of El Ni??o during the Mid-Holocene by changes in the Earth's orbit, Paleoceanography, vol.115, issue.6, pp.731-73710, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<2262:AMENO>2.0.CO;2

T. Corrège, P. , J. Ortiz, T. Guilderson, J. Adkins et al., Sea surface temperature and salinity reconstruction from coral geochemical tracers Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period: Rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. Quat. Sci. Rev, vol.232, issue.1999, pp.2-4, 2000.

H. F. Diaz, M. P. Hoerling, and J. K. Eischeid, ENSO variability, teleconnections and climate change, ENSO variability, teleconnections and climate change, pp.1845-1862, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/94JD02396

M. Elliot, K. Welsh, C. Chilcott, M. Mcculloch, J. Chappell et al., Profiles of trace elements and stable isotopes derived from giant long-lived Tridacna gigas bivalves: Potential applications in paleoclimate studies, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.280, issue.1-2, pp.132-142, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.06.007

M. K. Gagan, L. K. Ayliffe, D. Hopley, J. A. Cali, G. E. Mortimer et al., Temperature and Surface-Ocean Water Balance of the Mid-Holocene Tropical Western Pacific, Science, vol.279, issue.5353, pp.279-1014, 1998.
DOI : 10.1126/science.279.5353.1014

M. K. Gagan, E. J. Hendy, S. G. Haberle, and W. S. Hantoro, Postglacial evolution of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Quat. Int, issue.03, pp.118-119, 2004.

Y. Gouriou and T. Delcroix, Seasonal and ENSO variations of sea surface salinity and temperature in the South Pacific Convergence Zone during 1976?, J. Geophys. Res, vol.107, issue.C12, pp.318510-1029, 2000.

S. G. Haberle, G. S. Hope, and S. Van-der-kaars, Biomass burning in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea: natural and human induced fire events in the fossil record, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.171, issue.3-4, pp.259-26810, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00248-6

E. Hathorne, An inter-laboratory study of coral Sr/Ca and other element/Ca ratios, 10th International Conference on Paleoceanography, 2010.

G. H. Haug, K. A. Hughen, D. M. Sigman, L. C. Peterson, and U. , Southward Migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone Through the Holocene, Science, vol.293, issue.5533, pp.293-1304, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1059725

M. Inoue, M. Nohara, T. Okai, A. Suzuki, and H. Kawahata, Concentrations of Trace Elements in Carbonate Reference Materials Coral JCp-1 and Giant Clam JCt-1 by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, vol.1, issue.52, pp.411-416, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2000.tb00585.x

A. Juillet-leclerc, S. Thiria, P. Naveau, T. Delcroix, N. L. Bec et al., SPCZ migration and ENSO events during the 20th century as revealed by climate proxies from a Fiji coral, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.33, p.1771010, 1029.

A. Kaplan, M. A. Cane, Y. Kushnir, A. C. Clement, M. B. Blumenthal et al., Analyses of global sea surface temperature 1856? 1991, J. Geophys. Res, vol.103, issue.18, pp.567-18589, 1998.

G. N. Kiladis and H. F. Diaz, Global Climatic Anomalies Associated with Extremes in the Southern Oscillation, 002<1069:GCAAWE>2.0.CO, pp.1069-1090, 1989.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1069:GCAAWE>2.0.CO;2

G. N. Kiladis, H. Vonstorch, and H. Vanloon, Origin of the South Pacific Convergence Zone, Journal of Climate, vol.2, issue.10, pp.1185-1195, 1989.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(1989)002<1185:OOTSPC>2.0.CO;2

K. H. Kilbourne, T. M. Quinn, F. W. Taylor, T. Delcroix, and Y. Gouriou, El Niño-Southern Oscillation-related salinity variations recorded in the skeletal geochemistry of a Porites coral from Espiritu Santo, pp.10-1029, 2004.

D. W. Knutson, Coral Chronometers: Seasonal Growth Bands in Reef Corals, Science, vol.177, issue.4045, pp.270-272, 1972.
DOI : 10.1126/science.177.4045.270

A. Koutavas, P. B. Demenocal, G. C. Olive, and J. Lynch-stieglitz, Mid-Holocene El Ni??o???Southern Oscillation (ENSO) attenuation revealed by individual foraminifera in eastern tropical Pacific sediments, Geology, vol.34, issue.12, pp.993-996, 2006.
DOI : 10.1130/G22810A.1

L. Borgne, R. , R. T. Barber, T. Delcroix, H. Y. Inoue et al., Pacific warm pool and divergence: temporal and zonal variations on the equator and their effects on the biological pump, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.49, issue.13-14, pp.13-14, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00045-0

L. Cornec, F. , and T. Corrège, Determination of Uranium to Calcium and Strontium to Calcium Ratios in Corals by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, vol.12, issue.9, pp.969-97310, 1997.
DOI : 10.1039/a701691c

D. W. Lea, D. K. Pak, and H. J. Spero, Climate Impact of Late Quaternary Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Variations, Science, vol.289, issue.5485, pp.289-1719, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.289.5485.1719

Z. Liu, I. Kutzbach, and L. Wu, Modeling climate shift of El Nino variability in the Holocene, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.115, issue.No.2, pp.2265-226810, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49711850705

J. Lu, G. A. Vecchi, and T. Reichler, Expansion of the Hadley cell under global warming, Geophys. Res. Lett, pp.10-1029, 2007.

B. Lyon, The strength of El Ni??o and the spatial extent of tropical drought, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.9, issue.24, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<0840:AOGMPU>2.0.CO;2

C. Maes and D. Varillon, Large-scale climatic and oceanic conditions around Santo, The Natural History of Santo, pp.57-61, 2011.

C. Maes, J. Sudre, and V. Garçon, Detection of the Eastern Edge of the Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool Using Satellite-Based Ocean Color Observations, SOLA, vol.6, pp.129-132, 2010.
DOI : 10.2151/sola.2010-033

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00605926

J. I. Martinet, P. D. Deckker, and A. R. Chivas, New estimates for salinity changes in the Western Pacific Warm Pool during the Last Glacial Maximum: Oxygen-isotope evidence, Mar. Micropaleontol, vol.323497, pp.311-34010, 1997.

T. Mcconnaughey, C-13 and O-18 isotopic disequilibrium in biological carbonates.2. invitro simulation of kinetic isotope effects, DUPREY ET AL.: SW PACIFIC CLIMATE ca, 1989.

M. J. Mcphaden, S. E. Zebiak, and M. H. Glantz, ENSO as an Integrating Concept in Earth Science, Science, vol.314, issue.5806, pp.314-1740, 2006.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1132588

L. F. Montaggioni, F. Le-cornec, T. Corrège, and G. Cabioch, Coral barium/calcium record of mid-Holocene upwelling activity in New Caledonia, South-West Pacific, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.237, issue.2-4, pp.436-455, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.12.018

C. M. Moy, G. O. Seltzer, D. T. Rodbell, and D. M. Anderson, Variability of El Ni??o/Southern Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during the Holocene epoch, Nature, vol.35, issue.6912, pp.420-162, 1038.
DOI : 10.1006/qres.1993.1040

T. Okai, A. Suzuki, H. Kawahata, S. Terashima, and N. Imai, Preparation of a New Geological Survey of Japan Geochemical Reference Material: Coral JCp-1, Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, vol.22, issue.1, pp.95-99, 2002.
DOI : 10.2343/geochemj.34.321

F. Petchey, A. Anderson, A. Zondervan, S. Ulm, and A. Hogg, New marine deltaR values for the South Pacific subtropical gyre region, Radiocarbon, issue.3, pp.50-373, 2008.

J. Picaut, M. Ioualalen, T. Delcroix, F. Masia, R. Murtugudde et al., The oceanic zone of convergence on the eastern edge of the Pacific warm pool: A synthesis of results and implications for El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation and biogeochemical phenomena, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.115, issue.C2, pp.2363-238610, 1029.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<2262:AMENO>2.0.CO;2

N. A. Rayner, D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander et al., Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.220, issue.D18, p.440710, 1029.
DOI : 10.2307/2533983

P. J. Reimer, Intcal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, Years Cal Bp Radiocarbon, vol.51, issue.4, pp.0-50, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1252

H. Renssen, H. Seppä, X. Crosta, H. Goosse, and D. M. Roche, Global characterization of the Holocene Thermal Maximum, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.48, pp.7-19, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.05.022

D. Rind, Relating paleoclimate data and past temperature gradients: Some suggestive rules, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.19, issue.1-5, pp.381-39010, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00070-0

W. H. Roberts, An investigation into the causes for the reduction in the variability of the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the early Holocene in a global climate model, 2007.

D. H. Sandweiss, K. A. Maasch, R. L. Burger, J. B. Richardson, I. et al., Variation in Holocene El Ni??o frequencies: Climate records and cultural consequences in ancient Peru, 029<0603:VIHENO>2.0. CO, pp.603-606, 2001.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0603:VIHENO>2.0.CO;2

R. C. Schneider and S. V. Smith, Skeletal Sr content and density in Porites spp. in relation to environmental factors, Marine Biology, vol.45, issue.2, pp.121-13110, 1982.
DOI : 10.1017/S0094837300002335

D. W. Stahle, Experimental Dendroclimatic Reconstruction of the Southern Oscillation, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.79, issue.10, pp.2137-2152, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2137:EDROTS>2.0.CO;2

L. Stott, K. Cannariato, R. Thunell, G. H. Haug, A. Koutavas et al., Decline of surface temperature and salinity in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in the Holocene epoch, Nature, vol.323, issue.7004, pp.431-56, 1038.
DOI : 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00101-9

P. K. Swart, The strontium, magnesium and sodium composition of recent scleractinian coral skeletons as standards for palaeoenvironmental analysis, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.34, issue.0, pp.115-13610, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-0182(81)90060-2

T. W. Taylor, Quaternary Vertical Tectonics of the Central New Hebrides Island Arc, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Initial Rep, pp.47-57, 1992.
DOI : 10.2973/odp.proc.ir.134.103.1992

K. E. Trenberth, Spatial and temporal variations of the Southern Oscillation, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.101, issue.433, pp.639-653, 1976.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1973)101<0486:SCOSBO>2.3.CO;2

A. W. Tudhope, C. P. Chilcott, M. T. Mcculloch, E. R. Cook, J. Chappell et al., Variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation Through a Glacial-Interglacial Cycle, Science, vol.291, issue.5508, pp.291-1511, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1057969

G. Vargas, J. Rutllant, and L. Ortlieb, ENSO tropical???extratropical climate teleconnections and mechanisms for Holocene debris flows along the hyperarid coast of western South America (17?????24??S), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.249, issue.3-4, pp.467-483, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.022

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00770731

D. G. Vincent, The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ): A Review, 122<1949:TSPCZA>2.0.CO, pp.1949-197010, 1994.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<1949:TSPCZA>2.0.CO;2

P. Wang, S. Clemens, L. Beaufort, P. Braconnot, G. Ganssen et al., Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon system: state of the art and outstanding issues, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.24, issue.5-6, pp.5-6, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01460379

H. Wanner, Mid- to Late Holocene climate change: an overview, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.27, issue.19-20, pp.19-20, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.06.013

H. Wanner, O. Solomina, M. Grosjean, S. P. Ritz, and M. Jetel, Structure and origin of Holocene cold events, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.30, issue.21-22, pp.3109-3123, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.07.010

T. Watanabe and T. Oba, Daily reconstruction of water temperature from oxygen isotopic ratios of a modern Tridacna shell using a freezing microtome sampling technique, J. Geophys. Res, vol.104674, issue.20, pp.667-2010, 1999.

K. Wyrtki, Some thoughts about the west Pacific warm pool, Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, pp.99-109, 1989.

J. W. Zhang, F. H. Chen, J. A. Holmes, H. Li, X. Y. Guo et al., Holocene monsoon climate documented by oxygen and carbon isotopes from lake sediments and peat bogs in China: a review and synthesis, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.30, issue.15-16, pp.15-16, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.023

W. Zheng, P. Braconnot, E. Guilyardi, U. Merkel, and Y. Yu, ENSO at 6ka and 21ka from ocean???atmosphere coupled model simulations, Climate Dynamics, vol.28, issue.23, pp.745-76210, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00382-007-0320-3

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00770613