, 3 fois relativement à une surface cultivée. Le fait que l'érosion éolienne touche les premiers millimètres de la surface du sol explique la richesse relative des flux éoliens en éléments chimiques et en particules fines

J. P. -lamers, Wind erosion in Niger: Former perception, traditional techniques to prevent and combat wind erosion, and former adoption of modern soil conservation technologies, Proceedings of the Expert Group Meeting, pp.173-86, 1997.

C. L. -bielders, J. R. Rajot, and M. Karlheinz, L'érosion éolienne dans le Sahel nigérien: influence des pratiques culturales actuelles et méthodes de lutte. Sécheresse, vol.15, pp.19-32, 2004.

A. S. -goudie and N. J. Middleton, Saharan dust storms: nature and consequences, vol.56, pp.179-204, 2001.

G. -sterk, -Causes, consequences and control of wind erosion in Sahelian Africa: a review, Land Degradation & Development, vol.14, pp.95-108, 2003.

,

J. C. -katyal and P. L. Vlek, Desertification: concept, causes and amelioration, ZEF, Discussion Papers on Development Policy, vol.33, p.65, 2000.

M. B. -sylla, N. Elguindi, F. Giorgi, and D. Wisser, Projected robust shift of climate zones over West Africa in response to anthropogenic climate change for the late 21st century, pp.1-13, 2015.

C. L. -bielders, J. R. Rajot, and M. Amadou, Transport of soil and nutrients by wind in bush fallow land and traditionally managed cultivated fields in the Sahel, Geoderma, vol.109, pp.19-39, 2002.

J. L. -rajot, Wind blown sediment mass budget of Sahelian village land units in Niger, Bull. Soc. Geol. France, vol.5, pp.523-531, 2001.

A. -touré, J. L. Rajot, Z. Garba, B. Marticorena, and C. Petit, Impact of very low rate of crop residues on wind erosion in the Sahel, Catena, vol.85, pp.205-214, 2011.

C. -pierre, G. Bergametti, B. Marticorena, A. Touré, A. Rajot et al., Modeling wind erosion flux and its seasonality from a cultivated sahelian surface: A case study in Niger, Catena, vol.122, pp.61-71, 2014.

C. -pierre, L. Kergoat, G. Bergametti, E. Mougin, C. Baron et al., Modelling vegetation and wind erosion from a millet field and from a rangeland: two sahelian case studies, Aeolian Research, vol.19, pp.78-89, 2015.

S. M. Visser, L. Stroosnijder, and W. J. Chardon, Nutrient losses by wind and water, measurement and modelling, Catena, vol.63, pp.1-22, 2005.

G. -sterk and A. Stein, Mapping wind blown mass transport by modelling variability in space and time, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, vol.61, pp.232-239, 1997.

K. J. -ambouta, C. Valentin, and M. R. Laverdière, Jachères et croûtes d'érosion au Sahel. Sécheresse, vol.7, pp.269-75, 1996.

A. -mahamane, A. Ichaou, J. M. Ambouta, S. Mahamane, B. Morou et al., Indicateurs écologiques de la période optimale de remise en culture de jachères au Niger, Sécheresse, vol.18, issue.4, pp.289-295, 2007.

P. -hiernaux, D. Lassine, V. Trichon, E. Mougin, and F. Baup, Woody plant population dynamics in response to climate changes from 1984 to, AMMA CATCH special issue, vol.375, issue.1-2, pp.103-113, 2006.

B. -marticorena, B. Chatenet, J. L. Rajot, S. Traoré, M. Coulibaly et al., Temporal variability of mineral dust concentrations over West Africa: analyses of a pluriannual monitoring from the AMMA Sahelian Dust Transect, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, vol.10, pp.8051-8101, 2010.

B. -marticorena, Mineral dust over west and central Sahel: Seasonal patterns of dry and wet deposition fluxes from a pluriannual sampling, J. Geophys. Res, vol.122, pp.1338-1364, 2006.

A. -el-medhi and D. W. Fryrear, A field dust sampler, J. Soil Water Conserv, vol.41, pp.117-120, 1986.

D. W. -fryrear, J. E. Stout, L. J. Hagen, and E. D. Vories, Erosion field measurement and analysis, Transactions of the ASAE, vol.34, pp.155-160, 1991.

J. E. -stout and T. M. Zobeck, The Wolfforth field experiment: a wind erosion study, Soil Science, vol.161, pp.616-632, 1996.

G. -sterk and P. A. Raats, Comparison of models describing the vertical distribution of wind-eroded sediment, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.60, pp.1914-1919, 1996.

K. -michels, M. V. Sivakumar, and B. E. Allison, Wind erosion control using crop residue I. Effects on soil flux and soil properties, Field Crops Research, vol.40, pp.101-110, 1995.

A. -touré, J. L. Rajot, Z. Garba, R. Guillon, A. D. Tidjani et al., Six années de suivi du flux d'érosion éolienne sur un sol sableux cultivé au Sahel: impacts des résidus de culture et de l'encroûtement, Etude et Gestion des Sols, vol.20, pp.55-68, 2013.

A. D. -tidjani, A. Touré, J. L. Rajot, B. Marticorena, C. L. Bielders et al., Flux éolien et dynamique des fronts dunaires dans le Manga, vol.28, pp.323-332, 2016.

M. -gavaud, Les grands traits de la pédogenèse au Niger méridional, Travaux et documents de l'ORSTOM, 76. ORSTOM, vol.102, p.pp, 1977.

A. -bationo, S. Wani, C. L. Bielders, P. L. Vlek, and A. U. Mokwunye, Crop residue and fertilizer management to improve soil organic carbon content, soil quality and productivity in the Desert Margins or West Africa, pp.117-162, 2000.