Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts, which threatens food security, ecosystem protection and restoration initiatives, and fresh water resources availability and quality. Groundwater largely contributes to the mitigation of climate change effects by offering short-to long-term transient water storage. However, groundwater storage remains extremely difficult to monitor. In this paper, we review the strengths and weaknesses of satellite remote sensing techniques for addressing groundwater quantity issues with a focus on GRACE space gravimetry, as well as concepts to combine satellite observations with numerical models and ground observations. One particular focus is the quantification of changes in groundwater resources in the different climatic regions of Africa and the discussion of possible climatic and anthropogenic drivers. We include a thorough literature review on studies that use satellite observations for groundwater research in Africa. Finally, we identify gaps in research and possible future directions for employing satellite remote sensing to groundwater monitoring and management on the African continent. Article Highlights • Overview on the distribution and characteristics of African groundwater resources including future projections • Combination of satellite and in situ observations with numerical models allows us to obtain a synoptic view of groundwater-related processes • Summary of current concepts and achievements of satellite remote sensing-based groundwater monitoring and decision making over Africa Keywords Satellite remote sensing • Groundwater monitoring • Africa • Climate change • Sustainable development • GRACE