Understanding the temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture is fundamental for improving the management of water and soil resources on rainfed agrosystems. The present study focused on the soil moisture (SM) patterns observed in a hilly rainfed agrosystem. We analyzed five datasets from measurement at 15 sites during various crop growth cycles under the common cereals/legumes/pasture cropping systems within the Kamech catchment in Tunisia. Results indicated a strong seasonality in the precipitation and evapotranspiration dynamics that strongly influences soil moisture patterns, with a strong reduction in the water availability during summer (average SM = 0.20 m3/m3) as compared to winter (average SM = 0.40 m3/m3). The data of two consecutive years showed that the spatial variability, expressed through the coefficient of variation of soil moisture, was at its highest point during spring. The averaged soil moisture of the two years yielded a reasonable significant linear relation (R2=0.67**), indicating temporal stability of the spatial pattern. Actual evapotranspiration was found to be the predominant factor influencing the dynamics of soil moisture.